Channels of Distribution Essay Example

Channels of Distribution Essay In the unsure fluctuating market of today. it is indispensable for a company to keep on and face those uncertainnesss in order to last. Consumers can be an assistance for a company’s endurance. thereby it is indispensable for consumers to acquire the goods of a company whenever and nevertheless they need them. Here is where distribution channels come in and give manus. Channels of distribution are the different waies that goods passed through in traveling from the manufacturer to the consumer . ( Meyer et al. 1988 ) . With the aid of distribution channels. companies are able to get the better of the clip. topographic point and ownership spreads that separate goods and services from the consumers. As said by Aaker ( 1984 ) . entree to an effectual and efficient selling channel is frequently a cardinal success factor. However. in this competitory epoch. an apprehension of the alternate distribution channels and the tendencies in their comparative importance can be of strategic importance for any company. For illustration. the growing and importance can be of a ego service retail gasolene Stationss and the comparing growing in the importance of convenience shops such as the 7/11 concatenation in gasolene retailing has strategic significance to petroleum companies and distributers every bit good as to houses in nutrient retailing ( illustration adapted from Aaker. 1984 ) . Additionally. because of competition. deriving distribution in some industries can be highly hard and dearly-won. Nowadays. even big. established houses have problem obtaining infinite on the supermarkets shelves for merchandises with significant marketing budgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Channels of Distribution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Channels of Distribution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Channels of Distribution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As said by Kotler and Armstrong ( 2001 ) . members of the selling or distribution perform several maps such as supplying information for the company. promotes their goods and services. have contacts with purchasers. fiting purchasers inevitably. every bit good as negotiate monetary values so that goods can be transferred. Some other maps include physical distribution. funding and hazard pickings. There are two types of marketing systems. They are conventional distribution channels and perpendicular selling system. Conventional Distribution Channel Harmonizing to Kotler and Armstrong ( 2001 ) . a conventional distribution channel is a channel consisting of one or more independent manufacturers. jobbers. and retail merchants. each a separate concern seeking to maximise its ain net incomes even at the disbursal of net incomes for the system as a whole. In this instance. mediators operate independently or enter into some signifier of agreements with providers and other mediators. Furthermore. a conventional channel web tends to be fragmented because makers. jobbers and retail merchants bargain sharply with each other over the monetary values and others. Since channel members are detached and acts independently. none of them has much control over the other members. For illustration. in a conventional distribution channel. makers. distributers and retail merchants act independently so the makers as the manufacturer of the goods. cant decide anything for the other members. Lashkar-e-Taibas say. on what monetary value should the distributers and retail merchants sell. where should they sell. etc. the makers or the other members has no formal authorization over each other. Furthermore. in a conventional distribution channel. many struggles may happen since there is the absence of a formal contract and besides in most instances. their ends and purposes differ. Another failing of a conventional distribution system is that each and every member tries to harvest a batch of net incomes in order to prosecute their ain corporate aims. This may do drawbacks for the system as each independent house shows small concern for overall channel public presentation. Vertical Marketing System Harmonizing to Evangelista. et Al ( 1984 ) . an betterment over the conventional selling system. is the incorporate selling system which may be perpendicular or horizontal. A perpendicular selling system is a web of two or more degrees of channel members as in the instance of agreement between makers and jobbers. jobbers and retail merchants or between a maker and a figure of jobbers and retailers ( Evangelista et al. 1984 ) . So here. all the members act as a individual incorporate system. To exemplify the statement above. let’s take an illustration of a author. This author writes his ain books. owns the publication company that publishes the book. creates a web site that promotes his books. has a selling company that advertise and markets his books and he besides handles the distribution and transportation of the concluding merchandise. Here it is clear that the writer is cognizant of all the procedures of bring forthing the book and is able to command all the elements. This can be good for the company because if in instance a job occurs in any country. he can rapidly undertake it. He knows when the books are traveling to be printed. when and where it is to be shipped. etc and will e cognizant of any exigency originating. In this instance. we can see that the author is more informed and more efficient instead than holding to cover with publishing houses. agents. shippers. etc. ( illustration adapted from World Wide Web. smalltownmarketing. com ) There are three types of Vertical selling system. They are corporate. contractual and administered perpendicular selling systems. Kotler and Armstrong. ( 2001 ) defines corporate perpendicular selling system as a perpendicular selling system that combines consecutive provinces of production and distribution under individual ownership – channel leading is established through common ownership. In other words. it is a group of companies executing different undertakings under one ownership. Contractual perpendicular selling system. harmonizing to Kotler. et Al ( 1999 ) . consists of independent houses at different degrees of production and distribution incorporating their plan on a contractual footing to obtain more economic systems or gross revenues impact than they could accomplish entirely. They usually join together to harvest net incomes every bit good as to increase efficiency in the company. Administered perpendicular selling system coordinates phases of production and distribution through the size and power of one of the parties ( Kotler. et al 1999 ) . In other words. whoever wields the most economic power within the group can coerce greater cooperation and support from other members of the group. Comparison between Conventional Distribution Channel And Vertical Marketing System Conventional and perpendicular selling systems are two wholly different type of distribution system. Many companies presents prefer to follow perpendicular selling system instead than the conventional 1. This is because perpendicular selling system is much more good for companies and the conventional system is outdated additions redundancies for companies. Now let us see the difference of the two channels and comparison for which one is better and good for organisations today. Comparison Conventional distribution Channel -Channel members are independently owned -Unstructured distribution channel -No contract or understandings available -Lacks in leading -Many struggles might easy originate -Weak or hapless public presentation -Any errors or defects effects merely the company Vertical Marketing System -Channel members act as a incorporate system -Structured distribution channel -May have contracts or understandings for this agreement -One member exercising strong ( frequently formal ) leading -Helps manage struggle -Improves public presentation -May be forced into agreements by power derived function between members As we can see from the tabular array above. in the conventional channel members are independently owned whereas in the perpendicular selling system. all the members act as an incorporate system. This is good for a company because the can minimise costs and at the same clip earn grosss. The conventional distribution channel are unstructured whereas in perpendicular selling system it is decently structured. therefore makes it easier for a company to administer their merchandise and services. There is no contract whatsoever between the members of the channel because they are all self-acting and non bonded by any contract. On the other manus. in the perpendicular selling system. contract and understandings are needed for the agreement of this type of marketing channel peculiarly in a contractual perpendicular selling system. Additionally. there is a strong presence of leading in perpendicular selling system as one member exercising formal leading. Hence there is proper control of the activities. Whereas in the conventional channel of distribution. there is deficiency of leading in the channel. Furthermore. due to confusion. struggles and jobs may originate in a conventional distribution channel because of deficiency of control and leading. On the other manus. in a perpendicular selling system. the coordination among the members of the channel helps to pull off struggles that may originate. Furthermore. this can besides better public presentation of the whole selling system. Whereas conventional distribution channel has a weak public presentation due to struggles and deficiency of leading. In my sentiment. from the above comparing of both the channels. it is clear that perpendicular selling system. if practiced decently. will be really advantageous and can supply economic systems of graduated table to any company which adopts it. Mentions Aaker. D. A. ( 1998 ) . Strategic Market Management. John Wiley A ; Sons. Inc. . USA. Kotler. P. et Al ( 1999 ) . Marketing Management – An Asiatic Position. Prentice Hall. Inc. USA. Kotler. P. and Armstrong. G. ( 2001 ) . Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall. USA. Evangelista. F. U. et Al ( 1984 ) . Principles of Marketing Management. National Book Store. Inc. . Philippines. Meyer. W. G. et Al ( 1988 ) . Retail Selling. McGraw Hill. USA. World Wide Web. smalltownmarketing. com. entree day of the month: 4th December. 2003

The Chrysalids essays

The Chrysalids essays The novel, The Chrysalids, is a book based on the despair of our society in the past, present, and future. Throughout the story, we are discouraged by the way in which man treats his own kind. Before the story begins, their society originated from a nuclear war in which most of the world's population was destroyed. The people now refer this to "Tribulation". This effectively summarizes man's eternal fight with himself. Man does not know where to stop, even if it means almost destroying the earth. Much of this has to do with differences. And many of these differences are just physical or even spiritual. Any difference than what you are use to, often brings out a destructive side of humans. We often only want to accept "normal" people into our own society. The Chrysalids is a story that has much to do with this despicable, but commonly seen nature of humans. "And god created man in his own image. And God decreed that man should have one body, one head, two arms and two legs; that each arm be jointed in two places and end in one hand; that each hand should have four fingers and one thumb; that each finger should bear a flat finger-nail..." and so on went the affirmation that all heard every Sunday at church. Any difference from this was an abomination and a blasphemy before God who had fashioned man in his own image and must be dealt with immediately before the evil could spread. David, the main character, soon learned to what extent his society would go in these cases. In most cases, these blasphemes would be sterilized and sent into the fringes, a desolate place where nothing seemed normal. This showed just how much mankind could not handle any difference in appearance. David's best friend Sophie had just one extra toe. David could not see the harm in one extra toe, and that lead him to doubt his societies laws and beliefs. When Sop hie gets sent into the fringes, near the beginning of the novel, the re ...

Common Law 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Common Law 2 - Essay Example Another relevant aspect is regarding provision of goods and services in that there is an implied clause in the Sale of goods and services that the products or services sold are of satisfactory quality and shall be suitable for the purpose for which it has been purchased. Besides, in this case it is believed that the buyer, Abigail, had relied on the skill and knowledge of the seller, Cable Fast, but ultimately, the services could not meet the needs of the buyer. Further, she had also informed Cablefast that she actually needed superfast broadband because she was a movie buff and a busy film critic, and yet there has been lowered degree of service provision by the internet service provider, Cable Fast. Further, in this case, it is important to note that Cable Fast owes the buyer, Abigail, a duty of care. In the 1964 landmark case of Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465, this issue arouse, especially under circumstances under which one party placed trust and reliance on the pronouncements and actions of another. Although the bank had categorically disclaimed their responsibility in providing credential opinions, yet, the duty of care aspect was evident. In deciding this case, the judge observed, â€Å"I consider that it follows and that it should now be regarded as settled that if someone possessed of a special skill undertakes, quite irrespective of contract, to apply that skill for the assistance of another person who relies upon such skill, a duty of care will arise. The fact that the service is to be given by means of or by the instrumentality of words can make no difference.† (Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd: Judgment, 1964). Thus, the additional payment may not be enforceable, at the option of the buyer. In the case of exclusion clauses in contracts, it is necessary that contracting parties are

Ophthalmic Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ophthalmic Care - Essay Example This is to distinguish the normal elevation of intraocular pressure seen in otherwise normal individuals. Measurement of intraocular pressure is thus one of the first completely new skills that a new ophthalmic nurse practitioner must master. Therefore, knowledge about it is important. Measurement of the intraocular pressure in a large number of normal subjects reveals a normal distribution extending from pressures of 10-12 mmHg to 25-28mmHg (Rossetti et al., 2008, 1053). The pattern of distribution fits a Gaussian curve, so that the majority of subjects have a pressure of about 16mmHg. For clinical purposes, it is necessary to set an arbitrary upper limit of normal. By and large, the eye can stand low pressures remarkably well, but when the pressure is abnormally high, the circulation of blood through the eye becomes jeopardised and serious damage can ensue. For clinical purposes, an upper level of 21 mmHg is often accepted. Above this level, suspicions are raised and further invest igations undertaken. Thus measurement of IOP is a significant initial clinical diagnostic step that determines further course of action in such patients (Collaer, Zeyen, and Caprioli, 2005, 196-200). Many nurses need to practice the skill of this measurement since accuracy is a very important parameter leading to the further steps in the ophthalmic care pathway. Rationale Now, the question is, why I have chosen measurement of intraocular pressure to demonstrate my skill as a new specialist nurse. Glaucoma is second only to cataract as a leading cause of global blindness and is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss, largely due to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In 2002, it was estimated that 161 million individuals worldwide had visual impairment and 37 million were blind. Glaucoma accounted for 12.3% of global blindness, Bilateral blindness from glaucoma is projected to affect 8.4 million individuals worldwide by 2010 and greater than 11 million by 2020. Globally, glaucoma is a significant cause of vision loss that disproportionately affects women and Asians (Cedrone et al., 2008, 3-14). While increased IOP is a strong risk factor for the development of glaucoma, it must be remembered that many people with glaucoma have untreated IOPs of 21 mm Hg or less. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important known risk factor for the development of POAG, and its reduction remains the only clearly proven treatment. Several studies have confirmed that reduction of IOP at any point along the spectrum of disease severity reduces progression (Bowling, Chen, and Salmon, 2005, 1102-1104). The Collaborative Normal Tension Glaucoma Study has revealed that IOP reduction reduces the development of POAG in patients with ocular hypertension and reduces progression in patients with glaucoma despite normal IOP (Anderson, and Normal Tension Glaucoma Study, 2003, 86-90). In the UK, as mentioned by Kroese et al. (2002), glaucoma is, indeed, the second most common cause of blindness as estimated from blindness certification. This accounts for 11.7% of all certifications. In the age group of

Network Infrastructure Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network Infrastructure Planning - Research Paper Example With these services, only the user interface of some application is presented on the client machine. All input from client machine is purposely redirected to the application server where all the processing happens. Terminal services is a very well in place technology to provide services to remote offices since organizations are finding ways to reduce the cost of ownership by centrally deploying and managing windows based applications and remotely administering window server 2003- based computers. The services allow centrally deployment and management of windows based applications. This has the advantage that a company can ensure that all the computers are running the current version of application software since the software is installed once on the server instead of installing on each and every machine. This has the advantage of reducing the cost of installation and maintenance of such applications since it’s done once on a machine. Also such services reduce application suppo rt since its being done from one central server. This ensures a cost effective way of installation and maintenance of services within the different four remote offices. The issue of mirroring all application to the headquarters is reduced since the headquarters have all the information about the application used remotely by the offices. Since installation services are done mainly from the headquarters, then the cost incurred due to licensing and other costs of installation are just incurred once from the headquarters. This saves a lot of operation costs due to the reduced licensing costs. Costs like disk space usage are greatly reduced since this is mainly incurred from the server which runs all the applications. The issue of security when accessing sensitive files is up to standard since all security matters about who accesses what is controlled from the headquarters. The following are ideal situations where terminal services are mainly applied:- Hosting Line-of-Business Applicatio ns If an organization or some groups within the organization normally uses some specialized software to do their specialized work, it is always a good idea to host their applications using a terminal server. This is an ideal area to apply Terminal server. Terminal server can be used in the following situations: Custom applications.  If business application is developed internally, what is commonly referred to as in-house or specifically for your organization, and specifically tends to require updating frequently, deployment of the application once on a terminal server can greatly reduce the costs. This is especially important if your environment is actually dispersed or when you are deploying terminal server to centrally serve different offices. Large central data pool.  Applications that tend to rely on access to a central data source often run well on a terminal server because huge amounts of data do not necessarily travel across users for access. Instead the whole data proces sing is done on the server. Only the keystrokes and some display information have to travel across the specified network, which allows one to use lower bandwidth connections. This is especially important if users of that data pool are remotely located, for example in an office branch with a sluggish connection to database server. Task workers.  In setups where security is an issue and you want workers to mainly access only applications they have rights to access in order to perform their jobs, centralization of the

Group Culture Analysis: Narcotics Anonymous (NA) Meeting

Group Culture Analysis: Narcotics Anonymous (NA) Meeting Certificate in Drugs Counselling, Theory and Intervention Skills. Eamonn Keogh In this case study we will look at the inner workings of a group that I was involved in. This paper will be broken into four different sections. In the first section I will give a description of the group covering: the context; the setting; frequency and length of the group; finishing with a description of my role within the group. The second sections will identity the group culture. In this I will explain what the group norms and belief systems are. My feeling around being a member of this group will also be discussed in this section. The third section will be a reflection on the efficacy of the group. The main points in this section are what does/does not work well in the group and why; is the group addressing its task; what do I think could improve the group. In the final section I will be pointing out the key learnings I got for this module and how would I put this learning into practice. Description of the Group: The group being used in this case study is a step meeting of Narcotics Anonymous (NA). NA is an international community based organisation for recovering drug addicts. Na members learn from each other how to live a drug-free life and recover from the effects of addiction in their lives. NA’s primary approach to recovery is its belief in the therapeutic value of one addict helping another. Members take part in NA meetings by talking about their experiences and recovery from drug addiction. The NA programme is one of complete abstinence from all drugs, including alcohol. The only requirement for membership is the desire to stop using. The core of the NA programme is the twelve steps. These steps are a set of guidelines outlining a practical approach to recovery. Apart from the regular meetings there are also step meeting in the NA programme. I’m going to use the step meetings for this case study. The task of step meetings is to broaden its member’s knowledge of eac h of the twelve steps. The format of these groups is one step is covered each week starting with 1 finishing with 12. The meeting lasts one hour. The room is set out with all the chairs in a circle so each member is able to see each other. One benefit of this is that there is a sense of belonging and togetherness. A NA moto about why they are in a circle is â€Å"that no addict will stand alone.† At the start of the meeting one person will open up the meeting and give their experience, strength and hope around the particular step being covered that night. This opening is called a ‘chair’. The person that gives the chair is someone that has completed this step previously and has in excess of six months clean time. The chair will last up to 15min long. When the chair is finished the other members of the group will share their experiences and knowledge of the step or identify with what the person giving the chair said. This ties in nicely with the ethos of NA that o ne member helping another. I have a couple of roles to play in this group. Firstly I’m a member going to the group to learn about of each of the steps individual and to broaden my knowledge around my own recovery. The second role I will fill in this group is that of the person giving the chair at the start of the meeting. Identification of Group Culture: As pointed out by Chase (2013) the group’s culture underlies all of its behaviours and actions. The culture of groups is constantly developing as it adapts to each new situation or event it confronts and to the needs of the group and its members. The group’s culture is an abstinence based group. In my group each member has a common intellectual purpose for being together and that is to gain greater knowledge of the step involved on the night and the NA programme as a whole. The artefacts used in these meeting would be the ‘Big Book’ and a step working guide. Both of these were developed over time by members for members using collective knowledge they acquired over the years. Some of the group norms are as follow: Each member in the group is given a chance to talk: The last 10 minutes of the meeting is given up to new members or people that have less than 90 days clean time: Speak honestly and with consideration and respect of others and their efforts: Maint ain confidentiality: Members will place phones on silent: Members will listen to each other and not interrupt. With the NA programme being a spiritual programme, the main belief involved with NA is the belief in a higher power. NA is not a religious organisation. Each member can choose their own higher power. Some examples are the god we grew up with, the group itself, past family member. The belief in a higher power is that a power greater than ourselves can restore us to sanity. As a whole the behaviour in the groups is good. Members respect each other and where they are in their own recovery. There is a great sense of comradery and concern for each other. The ethos of the step meeting leads itself towards this in the way the person that does the chair is trying to help the newer members, that haven’t taking that step yet, gain a greater knowledge of the step or to get someone who has to maybe look at that step in a different light. If there are conflicts or members become unhappy with the way the group is developing they have a medium in group contions. This is held once a month and members get to address any concerns they have around the meeting as a whole. This is a very important tool in making sure the group guidelines are being followed and the group is achieving its goal. Some of the benefits of being an active member of this group are I feel very comfortable in the group. I get great support from the group and its members. I feel like I belong to the group and my voice is heard. Having completed the 12 steps I felt a sense of achievement and spurred me on to do the chair which was extremely humbling. Reflection on the efficacy of the group: When thinking what works well in my group Weegman (2004) make a valid point that â€Å"Group members learn they can help each other identify and modify in self and others their tendency to be unaware, deny, or remain oblivious to their pain, suffering, defences and the costly nature of their addictive solutions.† This is one of key strengths of the group. The nature of the group is that one member does the chair and explains their experience, strength and hope surrounding the step being covered that night. One member passing knowledge gained to another. This can get members to thinking about their issues in a different light or take action similar to that taken by the person that done the chair. A bond of togetherness comes from this and this is one of the main reasons that N.A. meeting stay together. Yalom (1985) points out the therapeutic factors in group work. I can see my group putting some of these factors into practice and benefiting from them. Instillation of hope is the first one and plays a big role in my group. This is evident even in the literature we read as it was written by member years ago who to this day are still clean and sober. This is helpful with new members as they can see that recovery is possible. Universality is major a factor in helping the members feel part of the g roup. After hearing other members share concerns similar to their own, members report feeling more in touch with the group and they don’t feel alone. Development of socialising techniques is another therapeutic factor pointed out by Yalom that the group often represents members the first opportunity for accurate interpersonal feedback. It can also point out a variety of social habits which, unbeknown to the member, have been undermining their social relationships. More senior members develop their social skills and have learned how to be helpfully responsive to other and acquire methods of conflict resolution. The reasonability of the group addressing its task lies with the group itself because any decisions or issues about the group are discussed and teased out in group concions. The secretory of the meeting is also decided here. I feel the group is addressing its task as the secretory chooses someone who has completed the step already to give the chair. The chair sets the tone of the meeting surrounding the step being covered in that meeting. Having pointed out some of the factors that help the group I will now point out some of the factors that hinder the function of the group. As the only requirement for membership is the desire to stop using from time to time members can come in under the influence of drugs. Due to the chaotic nature of drugs someone under the influence can cause a big hindrance to the group on a number of levels. Firstly the disturbance caused but also it can trigger something off in someone that makes them believe drugs are attractive again. Another hindrance to the group as pointed out by Hough (1998), the conflict stage, members jostle with positions and roles and sub-groups may form. When this happens members tend to be judgmental, critical and advice is freely offered without any real understanding of the problems which people have. The step meeting are a crucial part of the N.A. programme and if these two areas could be addressed and resolved I think the group could improve to reach higher goals than it is already achieving. Identification of key learning from the module: I’ve grained a lot from this module. One of the key areas of learning came in the first couple of sessions regarding the necessary decisions when planning a group. Up to now any involvement I’ve had with a group was in a group that was already set up when I joined. I’ve learned that the setting up of an effective group can cause as much stress as the running of a group. I can put this learning into practice as the youth projects I work in are setting up a stabilisation programme. Group therapy is an important factor of the programme with 3 sessions a week. As a result of my learning I feel comfortable I my ability to assist the project in taking the necessary steps when setting up the group. Moving on from the process of setting up the group the next area of key learning was the development of the group. Having watched the group develop and go through the five stages pointed out by Hough (1998) as we learnt them was very interesting. Again going forward the knowl edge of these five stages ranging from anxiety to closure will put me at ease when I observe the group going through them. I fell without both facilitator prior knowledge of the development stages of a group it would be very hard for the group to address its task even from the start. The final key learning for me was how the group dealt with absenteeism and the working out of this issue. The group was angry at first with the members that had missed a group but by working through it and voicing the anger the group was able to move on. It was decided that an empty chair be left in for the member that was missing. It was profound the effect the empty chair had on the group. The group member was nearly noticed more in the empty chair than if they were sitting in the group. I feel this is valuable and effective tool to have when working in a group setting. This learning is something that I will use in the stabilisation programme being set up in my work place. With this knowledge I will b e able to implement the empty chair from the beginning of the group so the clients won’t have to experience the anger which was felt in the experiential group . I’ve also had a huge insight as to what way I am in a silence. What way do I internalise this silence and what have I learnt from it. In the first couple of groups there were a few silences and unknown to me my taught would drift away. It was only when asked about the silence and what I was thinking that I realised that my taught were always on other people and things never about myself. For me this was very interesting and showed me that I had some personal stuff still to work through. Having worked through it and realised that it was an old trait of mine to protect myself when I was in active addiction. Another benefit from this insight going forward in my practise is that counter transference won’t be as big an issue for me having done this module and acted on the learning. Bibliography Chase, R.S (2013) Elements of Effective Communication, 4th Edition, Plain and Precious Publishing, Washington. Hough, M. (1998) Counselling Skills and Theory. Hodder and Staunton London. Chapter Nine: The Group Context. Part two pages 213-226 Yalom, I (1985) the Theory and Practise of Group Psychotherapy 3rd Edition Basic Books: USA. Chapter One: Therapeutic Factors in Group Therapy. Yalom, I (1985) The Theory and Practise of Group Psychotherapy 3rd Edition Basic Books: USA. Chapter Eleven: In the Beginning

Advantages of Telecommuting Essay -- Employment Work Papers

Advantages of Telecommuting Today much focus is being placed on the ability of organizations (private, and public) to increase their productivity, and quality of service. As a result it is necessary to improve the well being of employees, decrease unnecessary costs, and enhance the competitiveness of the organization. Given this, it is no accident that telecommuting, is one of the largest growing areas, in flexible alternative work schedules. The influence of globalization over all aspects, of many economies, also increases the effectiveness of telecommuting. Now, more than ever, many employees are taking advantage of completing their work in an alternative work environment. Advantages can be tangible, such as reduction in office space, or intangible, such as improved family life. Employee advantages include freedom, decreased clothing expenses, and increased moral. Employers also benefit from telecommuting. Reduced absenteeism, and reduced financial cost, are only two reasons why an employer should consider im plementing a telecommuting program. There are also environmental advantages to acknowledge, with regards to telecommuting, such as the reduction of traffic, and thereby the reduction of pollution. Spinning off, from the success of telecommuting, are companies, who offer help, with incorporating telecommuting, such as HOMEWORKS, and JALA International, Inc. Some companies list jobs for people interested in telecommuting positions. Still, there are also professional organizations established to enhance the performance of telecommuters, like the International Telework Association & Council (ITAC) . My personal experience with telecommuting has been so positive that I felt it was necessary to research it's advantages, an... ...rnational Inc., www.jala.com/ustcforecast.htm "Press Releases", JALA International Inc., www.jala.com/whatsnew.htm "JALA and Telework", JALA International Inc., www.jala.com/history.htm "HomeWorks for Telecommuting", www.coronado.ca.us/TMA/homeworks.html "Report on the Home Office Computing Survey of Telecommuting Practices", Amy Bellinger, Helen LeVan, Article, Home Office Computing Magazine, www.bluemarble.net/~amyloo/tele.html#profile "AT&T Releases Results of Telecommuting Day Survey", Released 9/20/94, www.att.com/press/0994/940920.chc.html ""Marketing Firms Wrestle with Telecommuting", 11/10/98, American Marketing Association 1998, http://www.shrm.org/hrnews/. " US Telecommuting Trend Surpasses 11 Million: Strong Economy, Internet Spur Growth", Article, International Telework Association & Council (ITAC) WebSite, www.telecommute.org

Chapter 1 indians the settlements of america Essay

1. Jamestown was the first colony that gets found. It was there where the first permanent settlement occurs. Jamestown was a poor location for colonization. The men dug wells to obtain water, but the water they found could not drink because it was contaminated. In addition, the ground was wet and had too many mosquitos. The mosquitoes were carriers of diseases and made the settlers sick. After a year, about half of the settlers had died of disease and starvation. The Native American Indians kept the English alive providing them with food. The English were so busy trying to discover gold that they didn’t bother trying to grow food. That was when Captain John Smith became leader of the Jamestown colony. He saved the colony by creating a rule, which maintained that anyone who did not work would have no right to eat. This made the colonist planted food, and they were forced to build shelters and fences to protect against any attack. These American Indians or â€Å"Amerinds†, showed them great diversity of character and attainments due to the differences in climate, soil, food, building material, and the activities necessary to preserve life. They taught the settlers how to plant and grow corn, beans, squash, etc. and also helped them to establish good relations with neighboring Indian tribes. On the other hand what the English settlers offered to Native Americans Indians was different. In exchange for food, they offered them weapons, horses, cattle, sheep, vegetables and fruits, hatchets, swords, metal pots, skillets and knives, which would give them the technological advantage over their enemies. They brought not only tools for the conquest of the wilderness, but also the forms of government, the religion, the books, and the languages of the Old World. But besides the different technologies and different lifestyles that they offered to them, the English brought with them different types of diseases, such as smallpox, which was lethal to Amerinds, this produced a lethal epidemic that affected a large portion of the tribe. American Indians had a very different culture from the English people. Despite some successful interaction, questions of ownership and control of land and trust between peoples, caused conflicts arise. Virginia suffers very frequent periods of drought and by that time the colonists did not understand that the natives were ill prepared to feed them during the hard times. In the years after 1612, settlers cleared the land to prepare it for export farms dedicated tobacco, its crucial crop for economic purposes. When the tobacco exhausted farmland, the settlers continuously had to clear more areas to replace them. This small wooded land was that the Indians could use to hunt and supplement their food crops. The more settlers arrived, the more demanding land. The spread of tobacco cultivation altered life for everyone, because its cultivation required abundant land. The tribes tried to fight the invasion of the settlers. The main conflicts occurred with the indigenous slaughter of 1622 and another in 1644, both under the command of the younger brother of the late Chief Powhatan, Chief Opechancanough. Recognizing the danger, the war leader launched coordinated attacks along the James River on March 22, 1622. By the end of the day 347 colonist lay dead, and only a timely warning from two Christian converts saved Jamestown itself from destruction. Europeans had a very mixed picture of the native Indians. On one hand, they believed that the Indians could be soft and generous and also attentive and willing to trade. At first it was a very positive image and the settlers had hoped that they would be welcomed with open arms and friendly hands. They wanted to believe their way to the Garden of Eden. 2. After reading the three sources that tell the story of the Indians and the Settlement of America, I found it more accurate the description number 3 â€Å"A people and a Nation† (2008) that gives us Mary Beth Norton, because I think is a very complete description about the events that occurred with the New World. She begins by describing how other civilizations of America were. She mentions how that residents, of what is now central Mexico began to cultivate food crops, especially corn, squash, beans, avocados, and peppers; while in the Andes Mountains of South America, people began to cultivate potatoes, and it was thanks to the improvement of these techniques of agriculture that could be spread this knowledge through America with the exception of those areas with harsher climates. Thanks to agriculture most of the Americans began to adopt a more sedentary life, without the need to spend so much time hunting and gathering. I believe that it is very appropriate that she mentions these details, since it is important to us as readers have an idea of how other civilizations in the Americas were, in this manner we can understand a little more about the civilization of the Native Americans Indians, because in some way they were very similar to each other. In the same way, in this source the author also makes mention of another significant civilization of America, the Aztecs; they were one of the most important and recognized civilizations of the American continent, they had a style a little different from other civilizations, they tended to be a little more wild, they use to forced their neighbors to pay tribute in textiles, gold, foodstuffs and even in human beings, who were sacrificed to the war god Huitzilopochtli. After the author made mention of these events, she continues her story mentioning the arrival of the English for the first time in 1607 to a region near to Chesapeake Bay called Tsenacomoco. It was a group of 104 men and boys, who established the palisaded settlement called Jamestown. This source tells us the beginning of a radical change to this Nation; the author mentions the number of people, the name of the region in which they arrived, and the date on which this happened; it seems to me that these data are necessary to know for any American person, I think it is important for all of us who live in this continent know this historical fact, and more specifically know what happened in this country. I am convinced that this source is more accurate, because it shows us these and more details, and is more precise describing how was the relationship between the colonists and the Native American Indians. It shows us what was the difference between these two different civilizations, and at the same time expresses us which were their similarities. Both groups held deep religious beliefs, subsisted primarily through agriculture, accepted social and political hierarchy, and observed well-defined gender roles. Despite the coexistence that came to have each other, both groups continued to have their own beliefs and thoughts, which for me in somehow led them to start a war, because the settlers wanted to impose their will on the Indians, and at the same time the Indians wanted to not let this happen, and also they were tired of being their food source and carriers of diseases that the settlers brought.

Managing the Product through Its Lifecycle (Introduction to Decline)

Managing the Product through Its Lifecycle (Introduction to Decline) Introduction To introduce a brand new product into the market, one will have to analyze not only the demands of the target audience, but also the challenges that the launch of the given product will trigger, the opportunities for creating an intriguing promotion campaign and the threats that the high competition rates pose to the product.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing the Product through Its Lifecycle (Introduction to Decline) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Speaking of offering customers a candy bar that will be linked to sportswear and, therefore, related to the concept of healthy lifestyle, creating a promotion campaign that appeals to people’s willingness to keep trim and be on a healthy diet seems reasonable enough. Growth To increase the growth of the product popularity, one will have to create a viable legend behind the product, therefore, molding a brand. At the point when the promotion of the product starts leading to its growth, a steep rise in competition can be expected. The given issue can be dealt with by providing customers with additional options, such as customized bar filling (e.g., peanuts, raisins, etc.). Thus, the goods provided by the given company will stand out of the range of similar snacks flooding the market. Maturity The stage of maturity will show how well the brand coined previously works. At the given point of the product promotion and retail, one can assume that it will become recognizable enough so that it could be sold to a gym, which is linked to the MySportsClub chain for $2.5. Since the gym will be allowed to sell the protein bars for $3, it can be expected that the gym owners will be excited about the idea of making quick money on a regular basis. Decline Unfortunately, sooner or later, the tidal wave of the fascination with the Nike protein bar will die down, and it is necessary to shape the product strategy in order to address the given phase adequately. It will be unreasonable to spur the product’s popularity artificially as soon as its novelty wears off. Therefore, instead of forcing the no longer interesting product onto the audience, it will be reasonable to come up with the means to market the product so that it could become a household name and, therefore, become an integral part of everyday routine. The examples of numerous cereals, which have been claimed to be a part of a complete breakfast so frequently that the given phrase has become a household name. Product Strategy and Its Impact on the Channel Strategy and Decisions In many ways, the effects that the product strategy has had on its popularity define the future channel strategy for the product in question. To be more exact, the less encouraging the effects of the product strategy are, the less funds are invested into the channel strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Involving the issues related to the product distribution, product channeling is extremely time-consuming; moreover, it takes much money, which means that there is no need to use the given strategy once the product was considered unviable. In the given case, channel strategy will depend on how many people will buy it in the course of the first two weeks. Once the number of people reaches the required mark (e.g., at least 50 people buy the snack), the product will be considered worth being promoted even further.

Managing the Product through Its Lifecycle (Introduction to Decline)

Managing the Product through Its Lifecycle (Introduction to Decline) Introduction To introduce a brand new product into the market, one will have to analyze not only the demands of the target audience, but also the challenges that the launch of the given product will trigger, the opportunities for creating an intriguing promotion campaign and the threats that the high competition rates pose to the product.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing the Product through Its Lifecycle (Introduction to Decline) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Speaking of offering customers a candy bar that will be linked to sportswear and, therefore, related to the concept of healthy lifestyle, creating a promotion campaign that appeals to people’s willingness to keep trim and be on a healthy diet seems reasonable enough. Growth To increase the growth of the product popularity, one will have to create a viable legend behind the product, therefore, molding a brand. At the point when the promotion of the product starts leading to its growth, a steep rise in competition can be expected. The given issue can be dealt with by providing customers with additional options, such as customized bar filling (e.g., peanuts, raisins, etc.). Thus, the goods provided by the given company will stand out of the range of similar snacks flooding the market. Maturity The stage of maturity will show how well the brand coined previously works. At the given point of the product promotion and retail, one can assume that it will become recognizable enough so that it could be sold to a gym, which is linked to the MySportsClub chain for $2.5. Since the gym will be allowed to sell the protein bars for $3, it can be expected that the gym owners will be excited about the idea of making quick money on a regular basis. Decline Unfortunately, sooner or later, the tidal wave of the fascination with the Nike protein bar will die down, and it is necessary to shape the product strategy in order to address the given phase adequately. It will be unreasonable to spur the product’s popularity artificially as soon as its novelty wears off. Therefore, instead of forcing the no longer interesting product onto the audience, it will be reasonable to come up with the means to market the product so that it could become a household name and, therefore, become an integral part of everyday routine. The examples of numerous cereals, which have been claimed to be a part of a complete breakfast so frequently that the given phrase has become a household name. Product Strategy and Its Impact on the Channel Strategy and Decisions In many ways, the effects that the product strategy has had on its popularity define the future channel strategy for the product in question. To be more exact, the less encouraging the effects of the product strategy are, the less funds are invested into the channel strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Involving the issues related to the product distribution, product channeling is extremely time-consuming; moreover, it takes much money, which means that there is no need to use the given strategy once the product was considered unviable. In the given case, channel strategy will depend on how many people will buy it in the course of the first two weeks. Once the number of people reaches the required mark (e.g., at least 50 people buy the snack), the product will be considered worth being promoted even further.

Enterprise Reporting and News Stories

Enterprise Reporting and News Stories To a good reporter, many stories are obviously important to cover – a house fire, a homicide, an election, a new state budget. But what about those slow news days when breaking news is sparse and there aren’t any interesting press releases worth checking out? Those are the days when good reporters are working on what they call â€Å"enterprise stories.† They’re the kind of stories that many reporters find the most rewarding to do. What Is Enterprise Reporting? Enterprise reporting involves stories not based on press releases or news conferences. Instead, enterprise reporting is all about the stories a reporter digs up on his or her own, what many people call â€Å"scoops.† Enterprise reporting goes beyond merely covering events. It explores the forces shaping those events. For instance, we’ve all heard stories about recalls of faulty and possibly dangerous products related to children like cribs, toys and car seats. But when a team of reporters at the Chicago Tribune looked into such recalls they discovered a pattern of inadequate governmental regulation of such items. Likewise, New York Times reporter Clifford J. Levy did a series of investigative stories that uncovered widespread abuse of mentally ill adults in state-regulated homes. Both the Tribune and Times projects won Pulitzer prizes. Finding Ideas for Enterprise Stories So how can you develop your own enterprise stories? Most reporters will tell you that uncovering such stories involves two key journalistic skills: observation and investigation. Observation Observation, obviously, involves seeing the world around you. But while we all observe things, reporters take observation one step further by using their observations to generate story ideas. In other words, a reporter who sees something interesting almost invariably asks himself, â€Å"could this be a story?† Let’s say you stop at a gas station to fill up your tank. You see the price of a gallon of gas has risen again. Most of us would grumble about it, but a reporter might ask, â€Å"Why is the price rising?† Here’s an even more mundane example: You’re in the grocery store and notice that the background music has changed. The store used to play the kind of sleepy orchestral stuff that probably no one under 70 would enjoy. Now the store is playing pop tunes from the 1980s and 1990s. Again, most of us would take little notice of this, but a good reporter would ask, â€Å"Why did they change the music?† Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes, and Trends Notice that both examples involve changes – in the price of gas, in the background music played. Changes are something reporters always look for. A change, after all, is something new, and new developments are what reporters write about. Enterprise reporters also look for changes that occur over time - trends, in other words. Discovering a trend is often a great way to start an enterprise story. Why Ask Why? You’ll notice that both examples involve the reporter asking â€Å"why† something was happening. â€Å"Why† is probably the most important word in any reporter’s vocabulary. A reporter who asks why something is happening is beginning the next step of enterprise reporting: investigation. Investigation Investigation is really just a fancy word for reporting. It involves doing the interviews and digging up the information to develop an enterprise story. An enterprise reporter’s first task is to do some initial reporting to see if there really is an interesting story to be written about (not all interesting observations turn out to be interesting news stories.) The next step is to gather the material needed to produce a solid story. So the reporter investigating the rise in gas prices might discover that a hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico has slowed oil production, causing the price spike. And the reporter probing the changing background music might find that it’s all about the fact that the big grocery shoppers these days – parents with growing kids – came of age in the 1980s and 1990s and want to hear music that was popular in their youth. Example: A Story About Underage Drinking Lets take one more example, this one involving a trend. Lets say youre the police reporter in your hometown. Every day youre in police headquarters, checking the arrest log. Over a period of several months, you notice a spike in arrests for underage drinking among students from the local high school. You interview the cops to see if beefed-up enforcement is responsible for the increase. They say no. So you interview the principal of the high school as well as teachers and counselors. You also talk to students and parents and discover that, for a variety of reasons, underage drinking is increasing. So you write a story about the problems of underage drinking and how its on the rise in your hometown. What youve produced is an enterprise story, one not based on a press release or a news conference, but on your own observation and investigation. Enterprise reporting can encompass everything from feature stories (the one about changing background music would probably fit that category) to more serious investigative pieces, like the ones cited above by the Tribune and Times.

Research Design and Methodology Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Design and Methodology - Research Paper Example After reviewing literature, the research design that will guide the investigation will be identified. In this particular case, the design that will be used for this research would be the analysis of secondary data. This is because for this kind of research design, there are very few research ethics that are involved. The main source of data in this research would be the internet and other library resources would supplement it. After selecting the research design, the next process would be collection of required data from their sources. Data sources for this particular research will be scholarly books, peer reviewed journals, published research papers, information from nonprofit organizations, and information from government agencies. This information would be obtained either from the library or internet sources. Since the sources of information are many and wide, it is necessary to select a sample. A sample is a portion of the sampling frame used in a research because of impracticability of using every item in the sampling frame (Buglear, 2012). Therefore, before starting the process of data collection, a sample of sources of information would be identified. In this particular research, the sampling frame consists of all sources of information that could provide data related to this research topic. After collecting the data, the next step to be undertaken would be data processing. According to Babbie (201 0), data processing methods available for qualitative research are coding, writing memos, and mapping concepts graphically. These are the methods of data processing that would be used for this research. After the data processing, the research conclusion will be drawn from the analyzed and interpreted data. The data collected in this particular case would represent the variables identified for this particular research topic. Data collected in this research will be qualitative and non-numerical. This is why it would be processed and

Managerial Support Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managerial Support Systems - Assignment Example e process of classifying people into groups that have some set of characteristics, resulting in the ability to be studied and targeted† (Xtremeimpark, 2009). Multinational corporations utilize consumer segmentation to determine the demand of its products by dividing consumer markets by geographical location. One of the reasons for geographical segmentation is because people from different cultures have different purchasing behaviors. McDonalds is the largest fast food chain in the world. Its hamburgers are a product that sells well in most parts of the world. Despite this fact the company has found it hard to penetrate the India marketplace because the majority of its population visualizes the cow as a sacred animal. Another variable that is often used for consumer segmentation is income. Marketplaces with populations that have higher income are attractive due to the fact that higher income means the customers have greater purchasing